Usoro ịgbaji na imecha (1)

Nhọrọ nke ịcha akwa na imecha usoro dabere na ụdị dị iche iche, nkọwapụta na ngwaahịa achọrọ nke akwa akwa, nke enwere ike kewaa n'ime ọgwụgwọ mbụ,dyeng, mbipụta, post-mechara na na.

Tupu ọgwụgwọ

Ihe ndị dị n'okike nwere ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha, na usoro nhazi textile ma gbakwunye slurry, mmanụ na unyi na-emerụ emerụ, ịdị adị nke adịghị ọcha ndị a, ọ bụghị nanị na-egbochi ọganihu dị mma nke ịcha akwa na imecha nhazi, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke akwa ákwà.

Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ tupu ọgwụgwọ bụ itinye chemical na nke anụ ahụ arụ ọrụ iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na ákwà ahụ, mee ka ákwà ahụ dị ọcha, dị nro, ma nwee ezigbo permeability iji gboo ihe ndị a chọrọ iji were, na-enye ngwaahịa ndị ruru eru maka ịcha akwa, ibipụta na imecha.

Owu: nkwadebe nke raw ákwà, ịbụ abụ, desizing, esi, ịcha ọcha, mercerizing. Polyester: nkwadebe ákwà, nụchara anụcha (mmiri alkali, wdg), preshrinking, ndoputa, alkali deweighting (mmiri alkali, wdg).

Ịbụ abụ

Ọtụtụ mgbe, mgbe ịbanye n'ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ na ịcha akwa site na igwe igwe akwa, a ga-ebu ụzọ nyochaa akwa isi awọ, tụgharịa, batching, ibipụta na ịkwa akwa, wee bụrụ abụ.

Ihe kpatara ya:

(1) na akwa na-adịghị abụ ala nke ukwuu, dị iche iche ogologo;

(2) ogo nke imecha adịghị mma, mmetọ dị mfe;

(3) n'usoro zhongyi ajị anụ na imecha, ibipụta na agba agba.

Ebumnuche ịbụ abụ:

(1) meziwanye ihe ncha akwa; Meziwanye njedebe;

(2) melite nguzogide pilling (karịsịa kemịkalụ eriri ákwà);

(3) melite style, ịbụ abụ nwere ike ime ka ákwà-aghọ crisp, bụ ọkpụkpụ.

Na-achọsi ike

N'ime usoro ịkwa akwa, agha ahụ na-enwekwu esemokwu na esemokwu, nke dị mfe imebi. Iji belata nbibi warp, melite arụmọrụ ịkwa akwa na ịdị mma isi awọ, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie yarn warp tupu ịkwa akwa. The eriri na yarn na-arapara ma na-ejikọta ọnụ, na-etolite a siri ike slurry film n'elu nke yarn, na-eme ka yarn ike na-adị ire, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye ike na-agbaji ma na-eyi nguzogide nke yarn.

N'ịkpọpụta ebumnuche: Mgbe ịmechara nha, slurry na-abanye n'ime eriri wee tinye akụkụ ya n'elu nke warp ahụ. Ka ọ na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ nke yarn ahụ, slurry na-emetọ mmiri ịcha akwa na imecha, na-egbochi mmekọrịta kemịkalụ n'etiti eriri na ịcha akwa na ihe kemịkal, na-eme ka o sie ike ịme ihe na-esiji na imecha.

(1) Okwu mmalite nke slurry a na-ejikarị eme ihe

slurry eke: starch, ahịhịa ahịhịa, chịngọm, wdg.

Njirimara starch:

① n'ihe gbasara mbelata acid;

② n'ihe banyere nkwụsi ike alkali, ọzịza;

③ n'ihe gbasara oxidants nwere ike imebi;

④ site na starch decomposition enzyme ire ere.

Chemical slurry: cellulose mmepụta dị ka hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl mmanya (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, wdg.

Njirimara PVA:

① kwụsiri ike na acid na isi, viscosity adịghị ebelata;

② Ọ na-emebi emebi site na oxidant;

③ Ngwa ngwa zuru oke, ndakọrịta dị mma, enweghị mmeghachi omume agwakọta

(2) Ụzọ mkpochapụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe

1. Alkaline desizing

Otu n'ime ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ime ụlọ ịcha akwa, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ nke desizing adịghị elu, a pụkwara iwepụ ihe ndị ọzọ adịghị ọcha mgbe ị na-ehichapụ.

Mechanism: The ojiji nke sodium hydroxide dilute ngwọta ọgwụgwọ, starch slurry n'okpuru omume nke alkali ọzịza (ma ọ bụ ọzịza) onu, adịghị eme chemical mmeghachi omume, nke mere na slurry si gel ka sol, belata ejikọta ike n'etiti eriri na slurry, na mgbe ahụ ojiji nke ịsacha na n'ibu ike wepụ ya. Maka PVA na polyacrylate slurries, ọ na-enwe ike igbari sodium hydroxide na ngwọta dilute.

(starch) enzyme na-eme ka ahụ ghara ịdị

Enzymes na-akpọkwa enzymes, biocatalysts.

Atụmatụ: ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke desizing, ọ bụghị eriri mmerụ ahụ, naanị maka starch, enweghị ike iwepụ adịghị ọcha.

Atụmatụ: a. Ịrụ ọrụ dị elu. b. Nkọwapụta: Enzyme nwere ike ịkpata naanị otu mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ ọbụna mmeghachi omume a kapịrị ọnụ. c. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na uru PH na-emetụta ọrụ ahụ.

Maka stachi slurries ma ọ bụ starch agwakọta slurries (ụkpụrụ starch na-achị), amylase nwere ike iji maka desizing.

Desizing acid

Ngwa ime ụlọ abụghị nke ukwuu, n'ihi na ojiji dị mfe imebi eriri ahụ, jikọtara ya na ụzọ ndị ọzọ. A na-anabata usoro ụzọ abụọ: alkali desizing - acid desizing. Acid desizing nwere ike ime starch hydrolyze, wepụ ịnweta nnu na ndị ọzọ, na-emere ibe ha.

Oxidation desizing

Onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-eme ihe: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, wdg.

Ụkpụrụ: Onye na-ahụ maka oxidizing nwere ike oxidize na iweda ụdị ọ bụla nke slurry, ịdị arọ ya na viscosity ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu, mmiri na-edozi mmiri na-abawanye, na-egbochi slurry na-arapara na eriri ahụ, mgbe ahụ, a na-ewepụ hydrolyzate site na ịsacha nke ọma.

(1) esi

Ebumnuche nke esi esi bụ iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mma nke eriri ma melite njirimara nhazi nke ákwà ahụ, karịsịa wettability.

Ihe ndị na-adịghị mma: Maka akwa akwa dị ọcha, ọkachasị fiber co-organisms ma ọ bụ ihe ndị metụtara ya, gụnyere mmanụ, pectin, protein, ash, pigmenti na shellseed.

Ihe adịghị arụrụ arụ: adịghị ọcha dị ka mmanụ, onye na-ahụ maka antistatic na mmanụ, nchara na slurry residual agbakwunyere na nhazi na ịkwa akwa.

Ihe adịghị ọcha ndị a na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke ákwà ahụ ma na-egbochi ịcha akwa na imecha akwa ahụ, a ghaghị iwepụ ya na usoro ihe nkiri na sodium hydroxide dị ka isi na surfactants dị ka ihe inyeaka.

(2) Ịcha ọcha

Mgbe esi, ọtụtụ n'ime eke na wuru adịghị naakwa akwaa na-ewepụ ya, mana maka akwa ndị na-acha ọcha na nke na-acha ọkụ, a na-achọkwa ịcha ọcha. Nke ahụ bụ iji wepụ pigmenti, melite ọcha dị ka isi nzube nke ịcha ọcha.

Fiber kemịkalụ enweghị pigmenti, mgbe esichara na-acha ọcha nke ukwuu, na eriri owu na-achacha agba agba ka dị, ọcha adịghị mma, yabụ ịcha ọcha na-abụkarị maka adịghị ọcha na eriri owu.

(3) ịcha ọcha

Ụdị oxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide na sodium chlorite, wdg, nke a na-ejikarị na eriri owu na akwa agwakọta.

Ebelata: NaHSO3 na mkpuchi ntụ ntụ, wdg, nke a na-ejikarị maka akwa eriri protein.

(4) Sodium hypochlorite ịcha ọcha:

Sodium hypochlorite bleaching bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịcha akwa akwa na akwa agwakọta owu, na mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ejikwa ihicha akwa akwa polyester. Otú ọ dị, enweghị ike iji ya mee ihe maka ịchacha eriri protein dị ka silk na ajị anụ, n'ihi na sodium hypochlorite nwere mmetụta na-emebi emebi na eriri protein, ma na-eme ka eriri na-acha odo odo na mmebi. N'ime usoro ịcha ọcha, na mgbakwunye na mbibi nke pigmenti eke, eriri owu n'onwe ya nwekwara ike mebie, ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ijikwa ọnọdụ usoro ịcha ọcha, nke mere na ọdịdị ọdịdị na àgwà dị n'ime ahụ ruru eru.

Sodium hypochlorite dị mfe imepụta, ọnụ ala, ọrụ ịcha ọcha sodium hypochlorite dị mfe, ngwa dị mfe, mana n'ihi na ịcha ọcha sodium hypochlorite dị njọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ya mere ejiri hydrogen peroxide jiri nwayọ dochie ya.

(5) Hydrogen peroxide bleaching H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide, nke a makwaara dị ka hydrogen peroxide, nwere usoro ihe omimi H2O2. A na-akpọ ịcha ọcha hydrogen peroxide bleaching oxygen. Nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta hydrogen peroxide dị nnọọ njọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline. N'ihi ya, hydrogen peroxide nke azụmahịa bụ adịghị ike acidic.

Akpụkpọ anụ nke nwere hydrogen peroxide na-acha ọcha nwere ezigbo ọcha, agba dị ọcha, ọ dịghịkwa mfe ịcha edo edo mgbe echekwara ya. A na-ejikarị akwa akwa na-acha ọcha. Ịcha ọcha oxygen nwere ngbanwe dị ukwuu karịa ịcha ọcha chlorine, mana hydrogen peroxide dị elu karịa ọnụahịa sodium hypochlorite, na ịcha ọcha oxygen chọrọ akụrụngwa igwe anaghị agba nchara, oriri ume ka ukwuu, ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu karịa ịcha ọcha chlorine.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji usoro ịcha akwa uzuoku nke mepere emepe karịa n'ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ na ịcha akwa. Usoro a nwere ogo dị elu nke na-aga n'ihu, akpaaka na mmepụta mmepụta ihe, usoro nhazi dị mfe ma ghara ịmepụta mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.

5. Mercerized (owu akwa)

Textiles n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nke erughị ala, site n'enyemaka nke lekwasịrị caustic soda, na ịnọgide na-enwe chọrọ size, nwere ike nweta a silky luster, a na-akpọ usoro a mercerization.

(1) Nzube nke mecerization:

A.Mmeziwanye gloss elu na mmetụta nke ákwà ahụ, n'ihi na ọzịza nke eriri ahụ, nhazi nke eriri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo n'usoro, na ngosipụta nke ìhè na-adịkwa mgbe niile, si otú ahụ na-eme ka gloss dịkwuo mma.
B.Increase the rate of dyeing color after mercerizing finishing, fiber zone ibelata, amorphous ebe na-abawanye, na e ji esiji ákwà na-yikarịrị ịbanye eriri, agba ọnụego karịa mercerized owu eriri mụbara site 20%, na amamiihe mma, n'otu oge ahụ na-abawanye ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'ihu mkpuchi ike.
C.To melite dimensional kwụsie ike mercerizing nwere mechaa imewe mmetụta, nwere ike ikpochapụ eriri wrinkles, ọzọ nwere ike izute àgwà chọrọ nke dyeing na ibipụta ọkara na ọkara ngwaahịa. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ na mgbe mercerizing, nkwụsi ike nke nrụrụ mgbasawanye akwa akwa akwa nke ọma, si otú a na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsị nke ákwà ahụ.

6. Nnụcha, pre-shrinking (chemical eriri ákwà)

Ebumnobi nke refining tupu shrinking bụ tumadi iji wepụ mmanụ, slurry na unyi adsorbated na ákwà (fiber) n'oge ịkwa ákwà nchekwa na njem, na n'otu oge ahụ, ụfọdụ oligomers na eriri nwekwara ike agbaze na elu okpomọkụ refining. A ga-ebu ụzọ kpoo akwa isi awọ tupu ọnụọgụ alkali dị, na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị dị ka olein na soda caustic kwesịrị ịgbakwunye ya. Pretreatment nke kemịkalụ eriri ákwà na-eme na elu okpomọkụ na elu nsogbu agba igwe.

7.Alkali mbenata (chemical eriri ákwà)

(1) Ụkpụrụ na mmetụta nke mbelata alkali

Ọgwụ mbelata Alkali bụ usoro ịgwọ akwa polyester na oke okpomọkụ yana lye na-ere ọkụ. A na-eme ka eriri polyester hydrolyzed wee gbajie site na ester bond nke polyester molecular chains n'elu eriri na sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, na ngwaahịa hydrolysis nwere ogo polymerization dị iche iche na-anọgide na-etolite, n'ikpeazụkwa, sodium terephthalate na ethylene glycol na-edozi mmiri. Akụrụngwa mbelata alkali na-agụnye igwe na-ejubiga ihe ókè, igwe na-ebelata oge na-aga n'ihu, igwe na-ebelata oge dị iche iche dị iche iche, ma e wezụga igwe eji akwa akwa; Igwe na-aga n'ihu na nke na-adịte aka nwere ike imegharị lye fọdụrụnụ. Iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke ọdịdị ọdịdị na nha nke akwa isi awọ maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa mbelata alkali, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye usoro a kara aka, wee banye usoro ịcha akwa.