Dyeing na imecha usoro (1)

Nhọrọ nke daiday na imecha bụ nke dabere na iche, nkọwapụta ma rụchaa ngwaahịa, nke a ga-ekewa tupu ọgwụgwọ,daiing, ibipụta, post-na-emecha na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Ọgwụgwọ

Ekike sitere n'okike nwere adịghị adịghị ọcha, na usoro nhazi akwa ma na-agbakwunye ọganihu nke ịchayi ma na-emecha arụmọrụ nke akwa.

Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ bụ itinye kemịlị na nke anụ ahụ iji kpochapụ adịghị ọcha na akwa, ma nwee ihe dị mma iji mezuo ihe ị ga-achọ, ma na-eme ka ihe dị elu na-eme ihe.

Kotin: Nkwadebe nke ọma, na-agụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ, na-asị na, na-esi, bringing, na-emegharị. Polyester: akwa akwa (alkali nụchara, wdg), ebe nchekwa, alkali deweight (mmiri alkali, wdg).

Otu

Mgbe a ga-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ na-ede akwụkwọ na ihe igwe na-apụta, akwa awọ ga-ebu ụzọ nyochaa, tụgharịa, na-abụ abụ na ịkwa iko.

Ihe kpatara:

(1) N'elu akwa, ha na-eleda anya nke ukwuu, ogologo dị iche iche;

(2) ogo nke imecha adịghị mma, mmerụ ahụ dị mfe;

(3) N'ime usoro Zhongy ajị anụ na imecha, mbipụta na-agbaji.

Ebumnuche na-anọchi anya:

(1) meziwanye àkwà; Melite ngwụcha;

(2) melite purning iguzogide (ọkachasị akwa eriri mmiri);

(3) Meziwanye ụdị, ịbụ onye na-abụ abụ nwere ike ime ka akwa na-aghọrịa, ọkpụkpụ.

Iku

N'ime usoro ịme mmiri, a na-etinye agha ka ukwuu na esemokwu, nke dị mfe ịgbaji. Iji mee ka ịgha mkpụrụ na-agbaji, melite arụmọrụ na-egbu egbu na ụdị isi awọ, ọ dị mkpa iji tie ya agha yarn tupu ị na-akpa. Ahịhịa ahụ na osisi yarn ma na-ejikọ ọnụ, ma na-etolite ihe nkiri slurry n'elu yarn, na-eme yarn siri ike ma na-agbachitere ya.

N'ehihie: Mgbe o si n'ikpeazụ, slutry abanye n'ime eriri ahụ ma na-eji akụkụ ya na ala nke agha ahụ. Ka ha na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke Yarn rụọ ọrụ nke yarn, slurry na-emetọ ndị na-eme ihe na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti eriri na mmiri, ma na-eme ka o siere ya ike iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-acha.

(1) Okwu mmeghe nke slurry

SLURRY: Starch, GUM Wem, Gum, wdg.

Njirimara Starch:

N'ihe banyere ihe ndozi acom;

N'ihe banyere alkali kwụsiri ike, ọzịza;

N'ihe banyere okwu a kapị nwere ike ịbelata;

④ by site na starch decompotion enzyme.

Chemical ndị ahụ: Celd celdyylcelllose (cmc), polyvinyl mmanya (PVA), Polyacryrylic acid, polyester, wdg.

Ngwongwo PVA:

① kwụsiri ike na acid na ntọala, viscosisese anaghị ebelata;

② O doro anya na ọ na-agwụ ike.;

Ngwa dị mma, ezigbo ndakọrịta, enweghị mmeghachi omume agwakọta

(2) Ejirila usoro na-eme ka usoro

1. Alkaline na-eme

Otu n'ime ụzọ ndị a kacha na-ejikarị osisi na-acha odo odo, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akụ adịghị elu, a ga-ewepụ ụdị adịghị ike ndị ọzọ mgbe ha na-egbu.

Usoro: Ojiji nke sodium hydroxide dilute ihe ngwọta, ma ọ bụ ọzịza) phenomenon, yabụ na a na-eji ike na-emegharị ahụ, ma mgbe ahụ iji nchaji na ike iji wepu ya. Maka PVA na Polyacrylate slurries, ọ nwere ike igbari sodium hydroxide na ịgbakwunye ndọtị.

(Starch) enzyme na-atọgbu

A na-akpọkwa enzymes na enzymes, biocatralysts.

Atụmatụ: Ọnụego dị elu nke ukwuu, ọ bụghị mmerụ ahụ, naanị maka stachi, enweghị ike iwepu adịghị ọcha.

Atụmatụ: a. Arụmọrụ dị elu. b. Nkọwa: enzyme nwere ike iwepụta otu mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume a kapịrị ọnụ. c. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-emetụta ọrụ na uru pH.

Maka slurries slurrie ma ọ bụ stachi agwakọta slurries (stachi ọdịnaya bụ Amylase maka ịkọ.

Acid na-egbu egbu

Ngwa ụlọ abụghị nke ukwuu, n'ihi na iji ya dị mfe imebi eriri ahụ, ya na usoro ndị ọzọ. A na-anabata usoro nzọụkwụ abụọ: alkali na-egbu egbu - acid na-egbu. Acid na-egbu egbu nwere ike ime ka starch hydrolyze, wepụ nnu nnu na ihe ndị ọzọ, ma nweta ibe ya ..

Oxiding na-atọgbu

Oiding Sent: Nabro2 (sodium brom) H2O2, Na2s2o8, (nh4) 2s2o8, wdg.

Prinkpụrụ: A na-eme ka ihe ndị na-erube isi ihe niile, a na-abawanye ụdị slurry ya na viscy na viscosis, ma mgbe ahụ, sọsọ mmiri ahụ na-ewepụ ya site na ịsacha nke ọma.

(1) esi

Ebumnuche nke esi bụ iwepu eriri adịghị mma ma melite akụrụngwa nhazi nke akwa ahụ, karịsịa na mgbaka.

Ihe dị iche iche na-adịghị ọcha: Maka akwa akwa dị ọcha, tumadi eriri farkis ma ọ bụ akụkụ anụ ahụ, gụnyere mmanụ wax, protein, pọzịaka na shellsseed shells.

Ọnọdụ adịghị adị: adịghị ọcha dịka mmanụ, ọgwụ mgbochi na mmanụ, nchara nchara gbakwunyere na ị na-atụgharị na ịkacha.

Ọkpụkpụ ndị a na-emetụta akwara nke akwa ma na-egbochi akwa ma na-ehichapụ akwa, a ga-ewepụkwa usoro scarding na sodium hydroxides dị ka inyeaka.

(2)

Mgbe ị ga-esi, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nkịtị na ihe na-adịghị mma naakwaA na-ewepụ, mana akwa akwa na ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie, a chọkwara ịchacha. Nke ahụ bụ iwepu pigmenti, mee ka ihe dị ka ebumnuche kachasị nke nhicha.

Eriri kemịkal anaghị enwe pigment, mgbe mmiri na-acha ọcha dị ọcha, na-acha ọcha mgbe ị na-ama jijiji.

(3) Blash

Usoro oxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide na sodium chlorite, wdg.

Belata: Nahso3 na ntụ ntụ ntụ, wdg., Tumadi eji eme ihe maka akwa protein.

(4) sodium hypochlorite:

A na-ejikarị akwa sodium maka ịcha ọcha owu na akwa na-agbachi akwa, ma na-ejikwa oge ụfọdụ maka ịcha ọcha polyester cocyen. Agbanyeghị, enweghị ike iji ya maka freeters protein eriri dị ka silk na ajị anụ, n'ihi na sodium hypochlorite nwere mmetụta na-emebi emebi na eriri protein, ma na-eme eriri na-acha odo odo na mmebi. Na usoro ịcha ọcha, na mgbakwunye na mbibi nke pigments, akwara owu nwekwara ike imebi, yabụ, ọ dị mkpa ijikwa usoro usoro na-acha ọkụ, nke mere na ọdịdị usoro na ogo ime obodo.

Sodium Hypochlorite dị mfe imepụta, ọnụego dị ala, akụrụngwa sodium na-adabaghị ọcha dị njọ na ebe nchekwa gburugburu, yabụ, ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ya site na hydrogen hydrogen site na hydrogen.

(5) hydrogen peroxide bloating H2o2:

Hydrogen peroxide, onye a makwaara dị ka hydrogen peroxide, nwere usoro molecular H2O2. A na-akpọ hydrogen peroxide na oxygen. Nkwụsi ike nke hydrogen peroxide edozighị oke n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline. N'ihi nke a, a na-esighị ike ọgwụ mgbochi na-adịghị ike acidic.

Ikike hydrogen peroxide nwere ezigbo ọcha, agba agba, adịghị mfe na-acha odo odo mgbe echekwara. A na-ejikarị ya akwa na-acha ọcha. Ixyge ọgbụgba oxygen nwere mmegharị ka ukwuu karịa ịba ọcha chlorine, mana hydrogen peroxide dị elu karịa sodium na-achọ ngwa nchara, ọgaghị agbaji, ihe dị elu dị elu karịa blorine.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji usoro nhicha nke na-emeghe emepere emepe karịa na mbipụta na ịbepu ihe. Usoro a nwere ogo dị elu nke na-aga n'ihu, akpaaka na arụmọrụ arụpụta, usoro dị mfe na-asọpụta ma ọ naghị eweta mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.

5. Ahịhịa (akwa akwa)

Textlọ Akwụkwọ Nsọ n'okpuru esemokwu, site na enyemaka nke soda caustic soda, ma jikọta nha achọrọ, nwere ike ịnweta usoro a na-enye ihe nrịba ama, a na-akpọ usoro a.

(1) Ebumnuche nke Achịcha:

A.MProve elu elu na-enwe akwa, n'ihi ọzịza nke eriri ahụ, eriri ahụ bụ ihe dị n'usoro, yana ngosipụta nke ìhè na-adịwanye mkpa, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ihe ọma dị iche iche.
B.incrause ọnụego nke ịnya mmiri na-emecha, mpaghara amorphe nwere ike ịbanye na eriri aka, na-eme ka ọ na-abawanye ike ihu igwe.
C.TE ka mma ka ịhazi ihe ị na-eme emepụtala ihe omume ahụ, nwere ike iwepụ ụdị ọnya ahụ, ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike iru oke mkpa nke ịbenya ma na-ebipụta ọkara na ọkara na ọkara. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ na mgbe a na-echekwaa nrụzi nrụpụta akwa a na-eme ka a na-emeziwanye ngwa ngwa, si otú a belata nke ukwuu ọnụego akwa.

6

Ebumnuche nke na-eme ka mmiri sie ike bụ iji wepu mmanụ, slurry na akwa (eriri) n'oge ọligomers ụfọdụ, ụfọdụ ndị Oligomers na-akụda na nsị mmiri dị elu. Uwe awọ kwesịrị ịbụ prefinn tupu oge Alkali, yana ihe mgbakwunye dịka olein na custin na custic kwesịrị ka agbakwunye. A na-eme ka ihe nke eriri nri na-eme na okpomọkụ dị elu na igwe ndị dị elu.

7.caliction mbelata (eriri nri)

(1) ụkpụrụ na nsonaazụ nke mbelata alkali

Usoro ọgwụgwọ alkali bụ usoro ịgwọ polyester akwa na nnukwu okpomọkụ ma tinye uche na-ere ọkụ. A na-agbaghakwa eriri polyester ahụ ma gbajie eriri nke polyester moleclalar yielu nke fir na sodium hydroization dị iche iche, ma mesịa guzobe sodium na-sodium. Ihe akụrụngwa alkali tumadi gụnyere igwe ndị na-ehicha mmiri, igwe na-ebelata, na-ebelata igwe atọ, ewezuga igwe ndị na-anyụrị; Igwe na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata igwe nwere ike ịmaliteghachi lye fọdụrụnụ. Iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke ọdịdị na-acha aja aja maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa mbelata nke alkali, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye usoro a kara aka, wee tinye usoro iyuyo.